Hyperthyroidism occurs when the thyroid gland produces excessive amounts of thyroid hormones. T3 and T4 regulate the body’s energy balance and metabolism. Overproduction affects multiple systems and leads to a variety of symptoms.
Causes:
1. Graves’ Disease – Autoimmune condition where the immune system attacks the thyroid. Most common cause; more frequent in younger and middle-aged women.
2. Thyroiditis – Inflammation of the thyroid gland causing release of stored hormones into the blood.
3. Excess Iodine Intake – From diet, medications, or contrast agents.
4. Excess Thyroid Medication – Overuse of hormone replacement drugs.
Symptoms:
Palpitations, rapid heartbeat
Excessive sweating
Nervousness, restlessness, insomnia
Weight loss despite increased appetite
Tremors in the hands
Heat intolerance
Hair loss, thinning skin
Menstrual irregularities in women
Treatment Options:
Medication – Antithyroid drugs (e.g., methimazole, propylthiouracil) and beta-blockers.
Radioactive Iodine Therapy – Oral iodine destroys overactive thyroid cells; often permanent.
Non-surgical Ablation – Nodules can be destroyed to reduce hormone production.
Surgery (Thyroidectomy) – Removal of part or all of the thyroid; used for large goiters, nodules, or when other treatments are unsuitable
Hipertiroidi Belirtileri
Hipertiroidi Tedavisi
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