Embolization in the Treatment of Thyroid Nodules and Goiter
Thyroid nodules and goiter are common thyroid conditions. Although many nodules are benign, they may cause neck swelling, cosmetic concerns, shortness of breath, or difficulty swallowing. Traditional treatments include surgery and radioactive iodine, but in recent years, embolization has emerged as a modern, minimally invasive alternative.
What is Embolization?
Embolization is a procedure that blocks the blood supply to a thyroid nodule or goiter using special microcatheters. Once the blood supply is cut off, the nodule shrinks, pressure symptoms are reduced, and the thyroid tissue gradually decreases in size. The procedure is typically performed by interventional radiologists under local anesthesia.
How is Embolization Performed?
A catheter is inserted through a vein in the groin to reach the arteries supplying the thyroid gland.
Microparticles or other embolic materials are injected into these vessels.
With the blood supply cut off, the cells in the nodule begin to shrink.
The procedure usually takes 30–60 minutes, and patients can often be discharged shortly after.
Advantages of Embolization
Non-surgical → No incisions, no need for general anesthesia.
Fast recovery → Most patients return home the same or next day.
Preserves thyroid function → Since the gland is not removed, hormone balance is less affected.
No neck scars → Excellent cosmetic outcome.
Alternative option → Effective for patients who are not suitable for or do not want surgery.
Who Can Benefit from Embolization?
Patients with benign thyroid nodules
Patients with large goiters causing breathing or swallowing difficulties
Individuals with high surgical risk
Patients with cosmetic concerns who do not wish to undergo surgery
Embolization offers a safe and effective alternative to surgery for thyroid nodules and goiter. Its minimally invasive nature, quick recovery, and preservation of thyroid function have made it an increasingly preferred method. However, whether it is suitable for a particular patient should be determined jointly by endocrinologists and interventional radiologists.
